GAW logo

The Dobson Forum Web Pages

Dobson Calibration Missions



The majority of Dobson spectrophotometers operated in the global network are regularly calibrated at international comparisons (ICs) performed under the GAW program of WMO. Calibration constants of all instruments are related to the World Primary Standard Spectrophotometer (WPSS) - the Dobson instrument No. 083 (D083) -  and the additionally used D065 as travelling standard. Both standard instruments are maintained by the World Dobson Calibration Center (WDCC) at NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado. This WDCC is responsible for the WMO RA-IV. Calibration history of the WPSS was analyzed by Komhyr et al. and Evans et al. - see: Papers . contacts: Mr. Glen McConville (glen.mcconville@noaa.gov)

Calibration activities of the WDCC are assisted by Regional Dobson Calibration Centers (RDCCs) in some regions.

- The European RDCC-E has been established for the RA-VI region at the Meteorological Observatory of the German National Meteorological Service DWD at Hohenpeissenberg, that is supported by the Solar and Ozone Observatory of Czech Hydrometeorological Institute CHMI in Hradec Kralove, the Czech Republic - contacts: Mr. Voltaire Velazco (voltaire.velazco@dwd.de ) and Mr. Martin Stanek (martin.stanek@chmi.cz).

The Pacific Area of the RA-V region is covered by the Australian RDCC run by the Bureau of Meteorology in Melbourne. Contacts: Matt Tully (matt.tully@bom.gov.au ) and Steve Rhodes (steve.rhodes@bom.gov.au).

- The Observatory Tsukuba of JMA, Japan acts as the Asian RDCC for the RA-II region – contact: Mr. Atsushi Saito (saito-atsushi@met.kishou.go.jp)

- The Dobson network in the WMO RA I in Africa is under the responsibility of the RDCC for Africa at the South African Weather Service (SAWS) at Pretoria. Contacts: Mr. Gerrie Coetzee (Gerrie.Coetzee@weathersa.co.za).

- South America and Caribe in the WMO RA III is represented by the RDCC of the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional in Buenos Aires (Argentina). Contact: Ricardo Sanchez (rsanchez@smn.gov.ar).

The WDCC, the RDCCs at Hohenpeissenberg, Melbourne and Tsukuba are completely operational. South America and South Africa are supported by the WDCC and the RDCC-E, respectively.

Intercomparisons

The main ICs performed by the WDCC and RDCCs as WMO/GAW missions since the seventies are listed in the table below. Besides of these ICs a lot of small comparisons were organized in the last 30 years mainly by specialists from NOAA/CMDL and AES Canada. Results and details of the main ICs are given in relevant Reports . Some of them are available as electronic files - see Missions

Date Place Ref. instrument Participating Instruments
1969 Siofok / Hungary D084 D064 GDR
D071 GDR
D074 Czechoslovakia
D084 Poland
D110 Hungary
1974 Belsk / Poland D083 D041 UK
D064 GDR
D077 Canada
D084 Poland
D096 Egypt
D101 Switzerland
D108 Russia
D110 Hungary
D112 India
1977 Boulder / USA D083 D008 Norway
D014 Norway
D041 UK
D050 Iceland
D056 Norway
D071 GDR
D077 Canada
D082 USA
D087 Peru
D096 Egypt
D097 Argentina
D105 Australia
D108 Russia
D112 India
D114 Brazil
D116 Japan
1978 Arosa / Switzerland D071 D013 Portugal
D015 Switzerland
D040 Belgium
D041 UK
D047 Italy
D085 France
D101 Switzerland
D104 Germany
1978 Boulder / USA D083 D098 Mexico
D108 Russia
1978 Toronto / Canada D077 D018 D040 Belgium
D059 Canada
D075 China
D102 Canada
1979 Boulder / USA D083 D120 Spain
1979 Toronto / Canada D077 D003 China
D060 Canada
1979 Potsdam / Germany D071 D011 France
D044 Germany
D074 Czechoslovakia
D084 Poland
D110 Hungary
D121 Romania
1980 Boulder / USA D083 D033 USA
D063 USA
D072 USA
D076 USA
D082 USA
D082 USA
D097 Argentina
D099 Argentina
D114 Brazil
1980 New Delhi / India D112 D054 India
1980 Toronto / Canada D018 D046 Italy
D047 Italy
D048 Italy
D077 D059 Canada
D018 D066 Italy
1981 Boulder / USA D083 D041 UK
Toronto / Canada D077 D017 New Zealand
D043 D043 Pakistan
D100 Pakistan
1984 Melbourne / Australia D083 D082 New Zealand
D105 Australia
D112 India
D116 Japan
1985 Boulder / USA D083 D041 UK
1986 Arosa / Switzerland D083 D013 Portugal
D015 Switzerland
D040 Belgium
D051 Switzerland
D056 Norway
D064 GDR
D071 GDR
D074 Czechoslovakia
D084 Poland
D085 France
D092 Denmark
D096 Egypt
D101 Switzerland
D104 Germany
D120 Spain
1988 Perth / Australia D083 D081
D105
1989 Mauna Loa / USA D083 D116 Japan
1990 Arosa / Switzerland D065 D013 Portugal
D014 Norway
D015 Switzerland
D040 Belgium
D041 UK
D050 Iceland
D064 GDR
D074 Czechoslovakia
D084 Poland
D092 Denmark
D101 Switzerland
D104 Germany
D107 Russia
D110 Hungary
D118 Greece
D120 Spain
D121 Romania
1990 Haute Provence / France D065 D049 France
D085 France
1991 Boulder / USA D083 D034 USA
D038 USA
1992 Boulder / USA D083 D065 D063 USA
D072 New Zealand
D081 Australia
D099 Argentina
D105 Australia
D116 Japan
1993 Hradec Kralove / Czech Republic D065 D066 Italy
D069 Egypt
D074 Czech Republic
D089 South Africa
D108 Russia
1993 Mauna Loa / USA D083 D042 USA
D076 USA
1993 Boulder / USA D083 D011 Algeria
D033 USA
1994 Izana / Spain D065 D013 Portugal
D056 Norway
D064 Germany
D087 Peru
D093 Brazil
D097 Argentina
D120 Spain
D131 Argentina
1994 Boulder / USA D083 D058 USA
D061 USA
D076 USA
D080 USA
D091 USA
D094 USA
D098 Mexico
D109 Iran
1995 Arosa / Switzerland D065 D015 WMO spare
D030 Sweden
D032 UK
D040 Belgium
D041 UK
D048 Italy
D049 France
D050 Iceland
D062 Switzerland
D084 Poland
D085 France
D092 Denmark
D101 Switzerland
D104 Germany
D107 Russia
D110 Hungary
D116 Japan
D121 Romania
1995 Boulder / USA D083 D033 USA
D034 USA
D038 USA
D065 USA
D079 USA
D986 USA
D091 USA
D133 Argentina
D134 Uruguay
1996 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D052 Philippines
D075 China
D090 Thailand
D100 Pakistan
D112 India
D124 Korea
1997 Kalavryta / Greece D065 D064 Germany
D074 Czech Republic
D096 Egypt
D108 Russia
D118 Greece
D121 Romania
1997 Perth / Australia D083 D007 Singapore
D042 USA
D072 New Zealand
D081 Australia
D089 South Africa
D105 Australia
1997 Boulder / USA D083 D082 SPO
1997 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D119 Japan
D116 D125 Japan
D126 D129 Japan
1998 Boulder / USA D083 D035 UK
D065 D058 USA
D065 D063 USA
D065 D094 USA
D083 D097 Argentina
D083 D116 Japan
1998 Sapporo / Japan D129 D126 Japan
Tsukuba / Japan D116 D125 Japan
Kagoshima / Japan D129 D128 Japan
1999 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D065 D044 Germany / Armenia
D064 Germany
D071 Germany
D074 Czech Republic
1999 Arosa / Switzerland D065 D041 UK
D048 Italy
D049 France
D056 Norway
D062 Switzerland
D064 Germany
D069 Egypt
D074 Czech Republic
D085 France
D101 Switzerland
D107 Russia
D120 Spain
1999 Boulder / USA D083 D038 USA
D091 USA
1999 Buenos Aires / Argentina D065 D087 Peru
D097 Argentina
D099 Argentina
D114 Brazil
D131 Argentina
D133 Argentina
D134 Uruguay
1999 Syowa / Japan D122 D119 Japan
Tsukuba / Japan D116 D125 Japan
Naha / Japan D129 D127 Japan
2000 Pretoria / South Africa D065 D011 Algeria
D015 Botswana
D018 Kenya
D057 Seychelles
D089 South Africa
D132 South Africa
D5703 Nigeria
2000 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D125 Japan
Sapporo / Japan D129 D126 Japan
2000 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D013 Portugal
D032 UK
D035 UK
D040 Belgium
D044 Armenia
D059 Egypt
D071 Germany
2001 Boulder / USA D083 D033 USA
D034 USA
D079 USA
2001 Lauder / New Zealand D083 D042 USA
D072 New Zealand
D081 Australia
D105 Australia
2001 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D030 Sweden
D084 Poland
D096 Egypt
D104 Germany
D108 Russia
D121 Romania
2001 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D125 Japan
Kagoshima / Japan D129 D128 Japan
Mauna Loa / USA D083 D116 Japan
2002 Boulder / USA D083 D064 Germany
2002 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D047 Italy
D049 France
D074 Czech Republic
D104 Germany
2002 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D119 Japan
D125 Japan
Naha / Japan D129 D127 Japan
2003 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D003 China
D075 China
2003 Buenos Aires / Argentina D065 D067 Cuba
D087 Peru
D093 Brazil
D097 Argentina
D099 Argentina
D114 Brazil
D131 Argentina
D133 Argentina
D134 Uruguay
2003 Arosa / Switzerland D064 D048 Italy
D051 Switzerland
D062 Switzerland
D085 France
D101 Switzerland
2003 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D041 UK
D107 Russia
D120 Spain
2003 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D122 Japan
Sapporo / Japan D129 D124 Japan
Tsukuba / Japan D116 D125 Japan
2004 Dahab / Egypt D065 D011 Algeria
D015 Botswana
D018 Kenya
D057 Seychelles
D059 Egypt
D064 Germany
D069 Egypt
D089 South Africa
D096 Egypt
D5703 Nigeria
2004 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D013 Portugal
D032 UK
D035 UK
D041 UK
D044 Armenia
D071 Germany
D073 BAS
D092 Denmark
D123 BAS
2004 Seoul / Korea D070 D124 Korea
2004 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D125 Japan
Kagoshima / Japan D129 D128 Japan
2004 Boulder / USA D083 D091 USA
D116 Japan
2005 Boulder / USA D083 D033 USA
D076 USA
D079 USA
D082 USA
2005 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D018 Kenya
D031 Ukraine/BAS
D062 Switzerland
D074 Czech Republic
D084 Poland
D108 Russia
2005 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D124 Korea
D125 Japan
Naha / Japan D129 D127 Japan
2006 Melbourne / Australia D083 D006 Australia
D042 USA
D072 New Zealand
D081 Australia/USA
D105 Australia
2006 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D052 Philippines
D090 Thailand
D100 Pakistan
D109 Iran
D112 India
D125 Japan
D126 Japan
2006 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D065 D064 Germany
D064 D071 Germany
D103 BAS
D104 Germany
D113 Italy
D118 Greece
2006 Arosa / Switzerland D074 D051 Switzerland
D062 Switzerland
D101 Switzerland
2006 Buenos Aires / Argentina D083 D067 Cuba
D087 Peru
D093 Brazil
D097 Argentina
D098 Mexico
D099 Argentina
D114 Brazil
D131 Argentina
D133 Argentina
D134 Uruguay
2007 Tsukuba / Japan D116 119 Japan
125 Japan
2007 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D030 Sweden
D047 Italy
D048 Italy
D050 Iceland
D085 France
2007 El Arenosillo / Spain D064 D013 Portugal
D032 UK
D049 France
D120 Spain
D121 Romania
2007 Boulder / USA D083 D063 USA
D082 USA
2008 Izana / Spain D083 D064 Germany
D074 Czech Republic
2008 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D104 Germany
D056 Norway
2008 Boulder / USA D083 D063 USA
D082 USA
2008 Naha / Japan D129 D127 Japan
2009 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D040 Belgium
D041 UK
D049 France
D056 Norway
D059 Egypt
D084 Poland
2009 Boulder / USA D083 D061 USA
D063 USA
D080 USA
D065 D033 USA
D079 USA
2009 El Arenosillo / Spain D064 D092 Denmark
D108 Russia
D120 Spain
2009 Sapporo / Japan D070 D126 Japan
Tsukuba / Japan D116 D129 Japan
D125 Japan
2009 Irene / South Africa D083 D015 Botswana
D018 Kenya
D035 South Africa
D057 Seychelles
D064 Germany
D089 South Africa
D105 Australia
D132 South Africa
D5703 Nigeria
2010 Hradec Kralove / Czech Republic D074 D040 Ukraine
D056 Uganda
2010 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D030 Sweden
D044 Armenia
D069 Egypt
D071 Germany
D084 Poland
D107 Russia
2010 Arosa / Switzerland D074 D051 Switzerland
D062 Switzerland
D101 Switzerland
2010 Quezon / Philippines D128 D052 Philippines
2010 Mauna Loa / USA D083 D076 USA
D106 Japan
2010 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D125 Japan
2010 Boulder / USA D083 D070 USA
2010 Izana / Spain abs. cal. D064 Germany
2010 Buenos Aires / Argentina D070 D067 Cuba
D087 Peru
D093 Brazil
D097 Argentina
D098 Mexico
D099 Argentina
D114 Brazil
D131 Argentina
D133 Argentina
D134 Uruguay
2011 El Arenosillo / Spain D064 D048 Italy
D050 Iceland
D085 France
D120 Spain
2011 Boulder / USA D083 D038 USA
2011 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D032 UK
D096 Egypt
D121 Romania
2011 Tsukuba / Japan D128 D127 Japan
D116 D119 Japan
D125 Japan
D003 China
D075 China
2012 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D047 Italy
D118 Greece
D065 D064 Germany
D074 Czech Republic
2012 Arosa / Switzerland D064 D051 Switzerland
D062 Switzerland
D101 Switzerland
2012 Izana / Spain abs. cal. D064 Germany
2013 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D014 Norway
D048 Italy
D104 Germany
2013 Boulder / USA D083 D105 Australia
D116 Japan
2014 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D065 D064 Germany
D085 France
D064 D041 UK
D049 France
D084 Poland
D108 Russia
2014 Boulder D065/D083 D033 USA
D061 USA
D063 USA
D065 USA
D094 USA
D124 South Korea
2015 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D083 D064 Germany
D064 D040 Ukraine
D071 Germany
2016 Izana / Spain abs. cal. D064 Germany
D074 Czech Republic
D083 USA
2016 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D030 Sweden
D050 Iceland
D109 Iran
D121 Romania
2016 Tsukuba / Japan D116 D075 China
D090 Thailand
D100 Pakistan
2016 Boulder / USA D083 D061 USA
D079 USA
2017 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D011 Algeria
D013 Portugal
D032 UK
D044 Armenia
D073 UK - British Antarctic Survey
D103 UK - British Antarctic Survey
2017 Arosa / Switzerland D074 D051 Switzerland
D062 Switzerland
D101 Switzerland
2017 Broadmeadows / Australia D083 D052 Philippines
D072 New Zealand
D105 Australia
D116 Japan
2017 El Arenosillo / Spain D064 D013 Portugal
D056 Uganda
D089 South Africa
D096 Egypt
D118 Greece
D120 Spain
2018 Boulder / USA D083 D042 USA
D061 USA
D061 USA
2018 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D104 Germany
2018 Arosa / Switzerland D064 D051 Switzerland
D062 Switzerland
D101 Switzerland
2019 Buenos Aires / Argentina D065 D067 Cuba
D070 Argentina
D087 Peru
D093 Brazil
D097 Argentina
D098 Mexico
D099 Argentina
D114 Brazil
D131 Argentina
D133 Argentina
D1345 Uruguay
2019 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D048 Italy
D074 Czech Republic
D092 Denmark
D104 Germany
D108 Russia
2019 Hurghada / Egypt D096 D059 Egypt
D069 Egypt
2019 Irene / South Africa D064 / D065 D015 Botswana
D018 Kenia
D035 South Africa
D064 Germany
D089 South Africa
D112 India
D132 South Africa
2019 Boulder / USA D083 D042 USA
D065 USA
2020 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D036 India
D041 UK
D050 Iceland
D092 Former Denmark
2020 Boulder / USA D083 D065 USA
2021 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D049 France
D071 Germany
D074 Czech Republic
D084 Poland
2021 Mauna Loa / USA abs. cal. D083 USA
2021 Boulder / USA D083 D065 USA
2022 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D030 Sweden
2022 Broadmeadows / Australia D083 D017 New Zealand
D072 New Zealand
D105 Australia
D116 Japan
2022 Boulder / USA D083 D061 USA
D034 USA
D065 USA
D038 USA
2023 Hohenpeissenberg / Germany D064 D013 Portugal
D031 BAS
D032 UK
D040 Ukraine
D085 France
D096 Egypt
D121 Romania
2023 Boulder / USA D065 D082 USA
D083 D065 USA
2023 Perth / Australia D105 D081 USA
2023 Izana / Spain abs. cal. D083 USA